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A survey finds longer commute is associated with lower attendance. Does the survey prove that commute caused the attendance pattern?

Read the idea, work independently, then explain what changed.

TOPIC 01

Statistics: mixed assessment

A mixed assessment: identify the method, justify it and revise your reasoning.

What you will be able to explain

  • Connect the chapter skills without relying on the order of the exercises.

Try it. Leave your reasoning visible.

Use one hint at a time. A correction explains what changed, not just the final answer.

01 / Foundation#Your turn

A survey finds longer commute is associated with lower attendance. Does the survey prove that commute caused the attendance pattern?

n=160n=160
  • Use the domain, units and sampling assumptions stated in the question.
Skills and prerequisite lessons

Working and explanation

BUILD THE REASONING

Hint 1
State the survey question, population, sampling and measurement rules before drawing a conclusion.
Hint 2
Distinguish the observation from a causal claim.
Worked solution
  1. State the survey question, population, sampling and measurement rules before drawing a conclusion.

  2. Calculate or simplify this relation.

    association⇏causation\text{association}\not\Rightarrow\text{causation}
  3. Use a conclusion proportional to the survey design.

No. School location, transport reliability or other factors may confound the relation.

Checks and common pitfalls: Use a conclusion proportional to the survey design.

Reasoning checklist · self / teacher assessment
  • State the relevant definition, condition or model.
  • Show a valid calculation, proof or counterexample.
  • Interpret the conclusion with its restrictions.

Think first. Reveal a hint when the class is ready.

Focus on one question

Teacher preparation and assessment

Question sequence

  • Ask students to name the relevant condition before calculating.

Board plan

  • Compare valid methods and annotate their conditions.

Anticipated thinking

  • A correct final value may still hide a missing assumption.

Assessment checklist

  • Check the method, conditions, reasoning and interpretation separately.

No sign-in. Work stays in this browser. Export before clearing browser data. Written reasoning is assessed with a checklist.

Curriculum and source notes ↗